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Ruhollah Khomeini

Historical Figure

Ruhollah Khomeini

1902–1989

Supreme Leader of Iran from 1979 to 1989

Early 20th Century

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Biography

Ruhollah Mostafavi Musavi Khomeini was an Iranian political revolutionary and Shia cleric who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was the main leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and transformed Iran into an Islamic republic.

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Timeline

The story of Ruhollah Khomeini, told in moments.

1962 Life

Emerges as a vocal critic of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's White Revolution, which he opposes for its secularization and land reforms threatening clerical estates. He begins delivering fiery sermons in Qom that draw thousands.

1963 Event

Arrested after publicly denouncing the Shah as a "wretched, miserable man." Three days of protests erupt across Iran. The army kills hundreds. The regime exiles him, first to Turkey, then Iraq, then France. He won't return for 15 years.

1979 Event

Returns to Tehran aboard a chartered Air France 747 after the Shah flees. Millions line the route from the airport. A journalist on the plane asks what he feels. "Nothing," he answers. Ten days later, the Islamic Republic is declared.

1979 Life

Students loyal to his movement storm the U.S. embassy in Tehran and take 52 Americans hostage. Khomeini endorses the seizure. The crisis lasts 444 days and wrecks Jimmy Carter's presidency. It reshapes U.S.-Iran relations for decades.

1989 Event

Issues a fatwa calling for the death of British-Indian novelist Salman Rushdie over The Satanic Verses. He offers a $3 million bounty. Rushdie goes into hiding for nine years under British police protection.

1989 Death

Dies in Tehran following surgery for intestinal cancer. He's 86. An estimated 10 million people attend his funeral procession. Mourners tear at the shroud covering his body. The corpse falls out of the coffin. Soldiers fire into the air to push back the crowd.

In Their Own Words (20)

Ayatollah, would you be so kind as to tell us how you feel about being back in Iran?Nothing. I don't feel anything. (Hichi. Hich ehsasi nadaram)

Exchange between American reporter Peter Jennings and Khomeini (1 February 1979), during Khomeini's return flight to Iran; quoted in Elaine Sciolino (2001) Persian Mirrors. Khomeini's translator did not translate his response, but said only that he had no comment., 2001

Variant: All those against the revolution, that insist on their position, must disappear and quickly be executed.

Quoted by dissident cleric Hossein-Ali Montazeri, once in line to be Iran's supreme leader. ShiaNews.com (17 December 2000). This statement is said to have been made after the Mojahedin-e Khalgh militant organization launched an offensive against Iranian troops from bases in Iraq., 2000

“Our movement Islamic before being Iranian”https://www.nytimes.com/1979/11/25/archives/khomeini-accuses-us-and-israel-of-attempt-to-take-over-mosques.html

1979

In Iran's future Islamic system everyone can express their opinion, and the Islamic government will respond to logic with logic.

Speech (9 November 1978), as quoted in The Most Truthful Individual in Recent History" in Iranshenasi'', Vol. XIV, No. 4 (Winter 2003), as translated by Farhad Mafie, 1978

In the Islamic government all people have complete freedom to have any kind of opinion.

Interview with Human Rights Watch, Paris (10 November 1978), 1978

Artifacts (15)

Untitled

Isma'il-zadeh , Hasan

1979
vam View

Untitled

Unknown

1980-1988
vam View

Ruhollah Khomeini

Holck, Poul (1939-2002) bladtegner

Still image
europeana View

RL34525 (IA RL34525-crs)

Congressional Research Service

commons View

Untitled

Unknown

ca. 1979
vam View

End of the Islamic Cold War- the Saudi-Iranian Detente and its implications (IA endofislamiccold1094511009)

McLean, Charles A.

commons View

Principles de L'Ayatollah Khomeiny: Philosophiques, Sociaux & Religieux

Cover-title: The little green book.

1980

Ādāb Aṣ-ṣalāt: The Disciplines of the Prayer

"Third printing"--Page following title page.

2002

The Greatest Jihād: Combat with the Self

The internal struggle. Recommendations for religious students and seminaries. Importance of purifying the soul. Knowledge and faith. Includes advice on how to benefit from the blessed month of...

2003

The Wine of Love - Mystical Poetry of Imam Khomeini

The book is Dr. Ghulam-Reza Awani and Dr. Muhammad Legenhausen's English rendition of the Persian book "Badeh-e- Ishq" ( The Wine of Love), which is a collection of Imam Khomeini's mystical poetry...

2024

Kitābu fatāwā

Original paper covers with leather over edges, binding and miqlab. Miqlab covered with a black textile, linen binding. Neskhi script, black ink, certain terms and marks in the text written with red...

The Mystery of Prayer: The Ascension of the Wayfarers and the Prayer of the Gnostics

Sayyid Amjad Hussain Shah Naqavi’s introduction and annotated scholarly translation of Ayatollah Khomeini’s The Mystery of Prayer brings to light a rarely studied dimension of an author better known...

2015

A Clarification Of Questions: An Unabridged Translation Of Resaleh Towzih Al-masael

This unabridged translation of Ayatollah Khomeini's AClarification of Questions provides a unique picture of the belief structure of Shi'ism. A compendium of 3000 "problems," Khomeini's treatise is...

2019

The sale of that invention was to net me more than the sale of the regenerative ...

0,000 shares in payment for consulting services. This made Armstrong RCA's largest shareholder, and he noted that "The sale of that invention was to net me more than the sale of the regenerative...

Works Talk

A switchover to the ultra-high frequency system would mean the junking of presen...

tra-high frequency wave bands will play the leading role in all broadcasting", although the article noted that "A switchover to the ultra-high frequency system would mean the junking of present...

Works Talk

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