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Nikita Khrushchev

Historical Figure

Nikita Khrushchev

1894–1971

Leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964

Victorian Era

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Biography

Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and the Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1958 to 1964. As leader of the Soviet Union, he stunned the world by denouncing his predecessor Joseph Stalin, embarking on a campaign of de-Stalinization, and presiding over the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.

Read more on Wikipedia

Timeline

The story of Nikita Khrushchev, told in moments.

1953 Event

Outmaneuvers Beria, Malenkov, and Molotov to become First Secretary after Stalin's death. He has Beria arrested at a Politburo meeting. Beria is shot in December. Khrushchev later says Beria tried to beg.

1956 Event

Delivers the 'Secret Speech' to the 20th Party Congress, denouncing Stalin's crimes. Delegates sit in stunned silence for three hours. He describes the purges, the torture, the paranoia. The speech leaks within weeks. Statues of Stalin start coming down across the Soviet bloc.

1961 Event

Approves the construction of the Berlin Wall. East Germans have been fleeing west at a rate of 1,000 per day. The wall goes up overnight on August 13. Families wake up divided. He tells Kennedy it's a temporary measure.

1962 Event

Places nuclear missiles in Cuba. For 13 days in October, the world comes closer to nuclear war than at any other point in history. He backs down. Removes the missiles. Kennedy secretly agrees to pull American missiles from Turkey. Both sides claim victory.

1964 Life

Removed from power by Brezhnev and the Politburo while on vacation at the Black Sea. They call him and tell him it's over. He flies back to Moscow. No trial. No execution. They just retire him. He becomes a non-person in Soviet media.

1971 Death

Dies of a heart attack in Moscow at 77. He'd spent his last seven years as a pensioner, tending a garden at his dacha. He secretly dictated his memoirs onto tape and had them smuggled to the West. Pravda gives him four lines.

In Their Own Words (16)

If Adenauer were here with us in the sauna, we could see for ourselves that Germany is and will remain divided but also that Germany never will rise again.

Said during a late night visit to a sauna with Finland's president Kekkonen in June 1957. Translated from Våldets århundrade (2001) by Max Jakobson, p. 220, 2001

Yes, today we have genuine Russian weather. Yesterday we had Swedish weather. I can't understand why your weather is so terrible. Maybe it is because you are immediate neighbours of NATO.

At a Swedish-Soviet summit which began on March 30, 1956, in Moscow. The stenographed discussion was later published by the Swedish Government.as quoted in Raoul Wallenberg (1985) by Eric Sjöquist, p. 119, 1985

I am very glad to hear this, since I come from the Ukraine. From now on I can sleep peacefully. I will immediately telegraph my daughter in Kiev.

Khrushchev's reply when the Swedish prime minister Erlander assured him that Sweden had no intention of repeating the 1709 Battle of Poltava in eastern Ukraine between Russia and Sweden. From a Swedish-Soviet summit which began on March 30, 1956, in Moscow, as quoted in Raoul Wallenberg (1985) by Eric Sjöquist, p. 125, 1985

Berlin is the testicle of the West. When I want the West to scream, I squeeze on Berlin.

Aug. 24, 1963, speech in Yugoslavia, 1963

I happened to read recently a remark by the American nuclear physicist W. Davidson, who noted that the explosion of one hydrogen bomb releases a greater amount of energy than all the explosions set off by all countries in all wars known in the entire history of mankind. And he, apparently, is right.

Address to the United Nations, New York City (September 18, 1959), as reported by The New York Times (September 19, 1959), p. 8. The physicist quoted was eventually found to be William Davidon, associate physicist at Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois., 1959

Artifacts (15)

Gruppenaufnahme mit Ministerpräsident Indien Jawaharlal Nehru

1955-11-18 · item
europeana View

Gruppenaufnahme mit SED-Sekretär Walter Ulbricht

1957-08-18 · item
europeana View

Man who is rebuilding Moscow

TopFoto

Photography, Professional Photography
europeana View

Khrusjtjov

Bundgaard, Arnold bladtegner

Still image
europeana View

President Kekkonen's 60th birthday

Voutilainen, Erkki

image
europeana View

The Link (IA link201unse)

commons View

Column open on a tailor's table on which the measurements of\ "Nikita Khrushchev\" are marked.. total

1957-10-25
europeana View

De-Stalinization Speech to 20th Congress of the C.P.S.U.

Speech to 20th Congress of the C.P.S.U. Speech Delivered: February 24-25 1956; At the Twentieth Congress of the CPSU February 24-25 1956, Khrushchev delivered a report in which he denounced Stalins...

1956
Speeches Read Talk

Tito and the Janus Face of Nikita Khrushchev

An information bulletin produced by Radio Free Europe based on extensive monitoring of communist bloc news outlets and primarily intended for internal circulation. Pieces were generally contributed by...

1957

Nikita Khrushchev's Foreign Policy Statement Delivered in Minsk

Records of this digital collection were assembled to document the work of the UN Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary established on January 10, 1957 by the United Nations General Assembly for...

1958

For Victory in the Peaceful Competition with Capitalism

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1959

The "Hundred Flowers" of Nikita Khrushchev

An information bulletin produced by Radio Free Europe based on extensive monitoring of communist bloc news outlets and primarily intended for internal circulation. Pieces were generally contributed by...

1961

Of What Freedom Are You Speaking?

Khrushchev to Kennedy: Of What Freedom Are You Speaking? Written: Moscow, April 22, 1961. Source: Department of State, Presidential Correspondence: Lot 66 D 204. No classification marking. Transmitted...

1961

End U.S. Aggression Against the Republic of Cuba

Khrushchev to Kennedy: End U.S. Aggression Against the Republic of Cuba Written: Moscow, April 18, 1961, 2 p.m. Source: Department of State, Presidential Correspondence: Lot 66 D 204. Secret; Niact;...

1961

Be Sensible – We Want Peace

Khrushchev to Kennedy: Be Sensible — We Want Peace Written: Moscow, October 26, 1962, 7 p.m. Source: U.S. State Department: Khrushchev-Kennedy Exchanges (Volume 6) Markup: Brian Baggins Online...

1962

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