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Menachem Begin

Historical Figure

Menachem Begin

1913–1992

Prime Minister of Israel from 1977 to 1983

Early 20th Century

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"White House Press Conference with President Reagan" — September 1981

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Biography

Menachem Begin was an Israeli politician who founded Herut and Likud and served as prime minister of Israel from 1977 to 1983.

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Timeline

The story of Menachem Begin, told in moments.

1943 Event

Takes command of the Irgun, a Jewish paramilitary organization in British-ruled Palestine. He orders the bombing of the King David Hotel in 1946, killing 91 people. The British put a bounty on his head. He hides in plain sight, disguised as a rabbi.

1977 Event

Elected Prime Minister of Israel. Likud wins for the first time. He's been in opposition for 29 years. The Ashkenazi establishment is stunned. Mizrahi voters, long ignored by Labor, put him in office.

1978 Event

Signs the Camp David Accords with Anwar Sadat, brokered by Jimmy Carter. Israel returns the Sinai to Egypt. The man who led the Irgun makes peace with Israel's largest enemy. He and Sadat share the Nobel Peace Prize.

1992 Death

Dies in Tel Aviv at 78. He'd resigned in 1983, depressed after the Lebanon War's mounting casualties. Spent his last years as a recluse, rarely leaving his apartment. A fighter who couldn't bear the cost of fighting.

In Their Own Words (6)

Israel is still the only country in the world against which there is a written document to the effect that it must disappear.

Address in Washington D.C. (22 March 1978), 1978

Mr. President, I wish to tell you something personal - not about me, but about my generation. What you have just heard about the Jewish people's inherent rights to the Land of Israel may seem academic to you, theoretical, even moot. But not to my generation. To my generation of Jews these eternal bonds are indisputable and incontrovertible truths, as old as recorded time. They touch upon the very core of our national being. Ours is an almost biblical generation of suffering and courage. Ours is the generation of Destruction and Redemption. Ours is the generation that rose up from the bottomless pit of Hell. We were a helpless people, Mr. President. We were bled white, not once, not twice, but century after century, over and over again. We lost a third of our people in one generation - mine. One-and-a-half million of them were children - ours. No one came to our rescue. We were tertiated, Mr. President. ... Tertiated, not decimated. The origin of the word 'decimation' is one in 10. When a Roman legion was found guilty of insubordination one in 10 was put to the sword. In our case it was one in three - tertiated! ... Sir, I take an oath before you in the name of the Jewish people - this will never ever happen again.

Amb. Yehuda Avner's account of a meeting with U.S. President Jimmy Carter (July 1977), 1977

In June 1967, we again had a choice. The Egyptian Army concentrations in the Sinai approaches do not prove that Nasser was really about to attack us. We must be honest with ourselves. We decided to attack him. This was a war of self-defence in the noblest sense of the term. The government of national unity then established decided unanimously: We will take the initiative and attack the enemy, drive him back, and thus assure the security of Israel and the future of the nation.

(21 August 1982), 1967

Upon completion of the centennial of your birth – and this time only – we have come to address some remarks at your graveside. We report to you, Rosh Betar, that Jerusalem, the city that has become bound together, the eternal capital of Israel and of the Land of Israel, shall not be subjected to any division and is our liberated and indivisible capital and so it shall remain from generation to generation. The western part of the Land of Israel is entirely under our control and it shall not be partitioned anymore. No part of this land shall be given over to a foreign administration, to foreign sovereignty. We believe that a day will come when the two parts of the Land of Israel shall establish, peacefully, in agreement and understanding a covenant of alliance, a free confederation, for the purpose of join cooperation

Prime Minister Menachem Begin Speech At The Grave Of His Boss Ze’ev Jabotinsky

Israel will not transfer Judea, Samaria, and the Gaza District to any foreign sovereign authority, [because] of the historic right of our nation to this land, [and] the needs of our national security, which demand a capability to defend our State and the lives of our citizens."

Iron Wall, p. 356

Artifacts (15)

The Revolt

Menachem Begin was a participant in the major events in modern Jewish history: the evolution of Zionism, resistance to the Nazi genocide, Soviet conquest of Eastern Europe, struggle against British...

1977

Nobel Prize Lecture (1978 Peace)

Your Majesty, Your Royal Highnesses, Your Excellencies, Madame Chairlady and Members of the Nobel Prize Committee, Mr Marei, representative of the President of Egypt, Ladies and Gentlemen. I ask for...

1978
Speeches Read Talk

White Nights: The Story of a Prisoner in Russia

Contains primary source material.

1979

Peace in the Making: The Menachem Begin - Anwar El-Sadat Personal Correspondence

Here, for the first time, is the complete correspondence between Israel's Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egypt's President Anwar el-Sadat as they wrestled with what would become their Nobel Peace...

2011

the party aspires to political independence of the Jewish People in this country...

roved by a second smaller 15-man conference held in Jaffa the following January 1907. The programme stated "the party aspires to political independence of the Jewish People in this country." All...

Works Talk

דער אויפשטאנד: זכרונות פונעם קאמענדאנט פון ארגון צבאי לאומי אין ארץ ישראל

1953

The Revolt: Story of the Irgun

1964

La révolte d'Israël

1971

In the underground: writings and documents

1975

Who is Menahem Begin?: A Documentary Sketch

1977

White Nights

1977

Der oyfshṭand

1978

La rebelión: historia del Irgun contra las fuerzas británicas en Palestina

1981

Israel: The Changing National Agenda

1986

מורי, זאב ז׳בוטינסקי

2001

More from the Early 20th Century

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