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Václav Havel

Historical Figure

Václav Havel

1936–2011

Last president of Czechoslovakia and first president of the Czech Republic (1936–2011)

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Biography

Václav Havel was a Czech statesman, author, poet, playwright, and dissident. Havel served as the last president of Czechoslovakia from 1989 until 1992, prior to the dissolution of Czechoslovakia on 31 December, before he became the first president of the Czech Republic from 1993 to 2003. He was the first democratically elected president of either country after the fall of communism. As a writer of Czech literature, he is known for his plays, essays and memoirs.

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Timeline

The story of Václav Havel, told in moments.

1968 Life

Already established as a playwright known for absurdist works like The Garden Party and The Memorandum. After the Soviet invasion crushed the Prague Spring, he was blacklisted. His plays could no longer be performed in Czechoslovakia.

1977 Event

Co-authored Charter 77, a human rights manifesto challenging the Communist regime. It was signed by 242 people. He became the public face of Czech dissent. The secret police followed him everywhere.

1979 Event

Imprisoned for nearly four years for "subversion of the republic." Wrote Letters to Olga, philosophical reflections addressed to his wife, from his prison cell. The letters were smuggled out and published.

1989 Event

Elected president of Czechoslovakia after the Velvet Revolution. A playwright who'd been in prison ten months earlier was now running the country. He'd helped topple the regime through Civic Forum without a single shot fired.

2011 Death

Died at his country home in northern Bohemia at 75. Served as the last president of Czechoslovakia and the first of the Czech Republic. World leaders mourned him. His funeral filled Prague's St. Vitus Cathedral.

In Their Own Words (20)

There used to be a time when this country's president could have delivered the same New Year's Address he had given a year before, and nobody would have noticed. Fortunately, that time has passed.

1991

We have discovered that what a year ago seemed to be a neglected house is essentially a ruin. This is not a pleasant fact, and it is not surprising that all of us are rather annoyed and disappointed about it.

1991

I think that it is my duty today to remind you as well of the good things that have happened, accomplishments that a year ago we could scarcely have imagined.

1991

I know we have still done very little, and that the main tasks still lie ahead of us. I would say that we have just completed a year of preparation in which the conditions for a new environment have been created.

1991

Full freedom of speech and expression prevails in our country, and freedom of assembly and association is guaranteed.

1991

Artifacts (15)

The Increased Difficulty of Concentration

"A... satire about the role of sex in a dehumanised technological society.

1972

The Increased Difficulty of Concentration: A Play in Two Acts

This classic farce done in thirty scenes with no chronological sequence concerns a doctor of philosophy who has a wife, a mistress, and a secretary whose beautiful legs make it difficult for him to...

1976

The Memorandum

The Memorandum is a remarkably witty assault on the madness of "efficiency" peculiar to total bureaucracy. In a large office, and unknown to the Managing Director, a new language called Ptydepe is...

1980

Largo Desolato: A Play in Seven Scenes

All life in a police state is interesting, probably corrupt and potentially subversive as portrayed in this absurdist but seemingly autobiographical play by Czech playwright Vaclav Havel. As in...

1987

Václav Havel: Or Living in Truth

Gathers essays by the Czech playwright, and includes writings by other authors in his honor."

1990

Summer Meditations: On Politics, Morality and Civility in a Time of Transition

Eighteen months after becoming Czechoslovakia's president, Vaclav Havel reflects candidly on his first experience as a democratic politician. He also discusses issues which have become increasingly...

1992

Summer Meditations

In a book written while he was president of Czechoslovakia, Vaclav Havel combines the same powerful eloquence, moral passion, and abiding wisdom that informed his writing as a dissident and...

1992

The Garden Party and Other Plays

Gathered together here for the first time are seven plays that span Havel's career from his early days at the Theater of the Balustrade through the Prague Spring, Charter 77, and the repeated...

1993

To the Castle and Back

As writer, dissident, and statesman, Havel played an essential part in the changes that occurred in Central Europe during the last decades of the twentieth century, and became a powerful intellectual...

2007

Leaving

Chancellor Rieger is leaving office. But does leaving office necessarily mean that he, his mistress and his extended family have to leave the state villa, which has been their home for years? While...

2008

The Power of the Powerless

Václav Havel’s remarkable and rousing essay on the tyranny of apathy, with a new introduction by Timothy Snyder Cowed by life under Communist Party rule, a greengrocer hangs a placard in their shop...

2018

The Power of the Powerless: Citizens Against the State in Central-eastern Europe

The power of the powerless / Václav Havel -- Spiritual values, independent initiatives, and politics / Rudolf Battéek -- Catholicism and politics / Václav Benda -- On the question of Chartism / Václav...

1985

The Power of the Powerless (Routledge Revivals): Citizens Against the State in Central-eastern Europe

Books of great political insight and novelty always outlive their time of birth and this reissued work, initially published in 1985, is no exception. Written shortly after the formation of Charter 7,...

2009

Given the affection and love of the testator towards Mona Lisa, his beloved wife...

trusting her care to their daughter Suor Ludovica and, should she be incapable, his son Bartolomeo, Francesco wrote, "Given the affection and love of the testator towards Mona Lisa, his beloved wife;...

Works Talk

Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Li...

ting's title dates to 1550. An acquaintance of at least some of Francesco's family, Giorgio Vasari, wrote, "Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his...

Works Talk

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