Historical Figure
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
b. 1954
President of Turkey since 2014
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Biography
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is a Turkish politician who has been the president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as the 25th prime minister from 2003 to 2014 as part of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), which he co-founded in 2001. He also served as mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. Coming from an Islamist background and promoting socially conservative policies, Turkey has experienced increasing authoritarianism, democratic backsliding and suppression of dissent under Erdoğan's rule.
Timeline
The story of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, told in moments.
Elected mayor of Istanbul as the Welfare Party candidate. Improved the city's water supply, reduced pollution, and managed its debt. In 1998, he was convicted for reciting a poem that compared mosques to barracks. Served four months in prison.
His Justice and Development Party won a landslide in parliamentary elections. Became prime minister in 2003 after winning a by-election in Siirt. Began EU membership negotiations and reduced military influence in politics. The economy recovered from its 2001 crisis.
Became Turkey's first directly elected president. Pushed through a 2017 constitutional referendum that transformed the country from a parliamentary to a presidential system, expanding executive powers. Won re-election in 2018 under the new system.
Brokered a grain export deal between Russia and Ukraine and mediated a prisoner exchange. Blocked Finland and Sweden from joining NATO before eventually agreeing. Closed the Bosphorus to Russian naval reinforcements. In power for over two decades, longer than any Turkish leader since Ataturk.
In Their Own Words (20)
Sweden and Finland do not extradite terrorists, they hold PKK demonstrations in Sweden and Finland. Sorry, we, as Turkey, do not look favorably on the NATO membership of Sweden and Finland. NATO is a security organization.
"Turkey’s Erdogan to speak to Finland as NATO application row simmers" Al-Arabiya News (May 20, 2022), 2022
We do not view Finland and Sweden's NATO membership positively.
"Erdogan says Turkey not supportive of Finland, Sweden joining NATO" Reuters (May 13, 2022), 2022
The new state of affairs, which emerged out of the war in Ukraine, proves that Turkey’s expectations and calls were accurate. Certain member states, which suddenly appreciated Turkey’s geopolitical positioning as that conflict caused widespread disruption, saw that our nation had been right to take certain steps in the past. Turkey was right to ask NATO members to prepare for coming geopolitical challenges and, in spite of those who argued that NATO was irrelevant, Turkey was absolutely right to state that the organisation would be increasingly important.
2022
The threats against international peace and security changed in recent years and that led many to believe that NATO was an “obsolete” organisation that ceased to serve its purpose. Emmanuel Macron even said in 2019 that the alliance was experiencing “brain death”. The same folks questioned Turkey’s role within NATO. That blend of extraordinary wishful thinking and extreme strategic myopia cost the alliance many years.
2022
Furthermore, Turkey stresses that all forms of arms embargoes—such as the one Sweden has imposed on my country—are incompatible with the spirit of military partnership under the NATO umbrella. Such restrictions not only undermine our national security but also damage NATO’s own identity. Sweden’s and Finland’s uncompromising insistence on joining the alliance has added an unnecessary item to NATO’s agenda.
2022
Artifacts (15)
President Giorgio Napolitano welcomes Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Prime Minister of Turkey.
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