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Norman Borlaug

Historical Figure

Norman Borlaug

1914–2009

American agronomist and Nobel Laureate (1914–2009)

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"Interview on Population and Food" — 1980

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Biography

Norman Ernest Borlaug was an American agronomist who led initiatives worldwide that contributed to the extensive increases in agricultural production termed the Green Revolution. Borlaug was awarded multiple honors for his work, including the Nobel Peace Prize, the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal, one of only seven people to have received all three awards.

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Timeline

The story of Norman Borlaug, told in moments.

1914 Birth

Born on a farm near Cresco, Iowa. Norwegian-American family. His grandfather told him: 'You're wiser to fill your head now if you want to fill your belly later.' He wrestled in high school and nearly became a forestry ranger.

1944 Life

Arrives in Mexico to work on a Rockefeller Foundation agricultural program. The wheat crop is devastated by stem rust. He breeds disease-resistant varieties in the field, shuttling between two growing seasons at different altitudes. Nobody's tried this before. It works.

1962 Event

His semi-dwarf wheat varieties are ready. Shorter stalks mean the plants don't fall over under the weight of heavy grain heads. Mexico, which imported half its wheat in 1944, is now self-sufficient and exporting.

1968 Event

India and Pakistan adopt his wheat varieties during a famine crisis. Indian wheat production doubles between 1965 and 1970. Pakistan's follows. The transformation is so fast that journalists coin a name for it: the Green Revolution.

1970 Event

Wins the Nobel Peace Prize. His wife hears about it on the radio while he's in a wheat field in Mexico. She drives out to tell him. He's credited with saving more human lives than any single person in history. The number usually cited is one billion.

2009 Death

Dies of lymphoma in Dallas at 95. He worked until the end. His last project was adapting crops for Africa. He'd spent 60 years in fields, not laboratories. 'You can't eat potential,' he liked to say.

In Their Own Words (6)

You can't build a peaceful world on empty stomachs and human misery.

From "Eat This!", an episode of Penn and Teller's Bullsh#t!; Quoted in: Gary Beene (2011) The Seeds We So Kindness that Fed a Hungry World. p. 9, 2011

I now say that the world has the technology – either available or well advanced in the research pipeline – to feed on a sustainable basis a population of 10 billion people. The more pertinent question today is whether farmers and ranchers will be permitted to use this new technology? While the affluent nations can certainly afford to adopt ultra low-risk positions, and pay more for food produced by the so-called “organic” methods, the one billion chronically undernourished people of the low income, food-deficit nations cannot.

30th Anniversary Lecture, The Norwegian Nobel Institute, Oslo, September 8, 2000; Quoted in: Ronald Bailey (2002) Global warming and other eco-myths. p. 59, 2002

Some of the environmental lobbyists of the western nations are the salt of the earth, but many of them are elitists. They have never experienced the physical sensation of hunger. They do their lobbying from comfortable office suites in Washington or Brussels. If they lived just one month amid the misery of the developing world, as I have for fifty years, they would be crying out for tractors, and fertilizer, and irrigation canals, and be outraged that fashionable elitists back home were trying to deny them these things.

Reported by Gregg Easterbrook in a January 1997 interview for The Atlantic Monthly., 1997

It is a sad fact that on this earth at this late date there are still two worlds, "the privileged world" and "the forgotten world". The privileged world consists of the affluent, developed nations, comprising twenty-five to thirty percent of the world population, in which most of the people live in a luxury never before experienced by man outside the Garden of Eden. The forgotten world is made up primarily of the developing nations, where most of the people, comprising more than fifty percent of the total world population, live in poverty, with hunger as a constant companion and fear of famine a continual menace.

From his 1970 Nobel Lecture, 1970

There can be no permanent progress in the battle against hunger until the agencies that fight for increased food production and those that fight for population control unite in a common effort.

1970 Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech, 1970

Artifacts (15)

Ford B2735 NLGRF photo contact sheet (1977-01-10)(Gerald Ford Library)

White House Photographic Office (WHPO) - Schumacher

1977-01-10
commons View

RL30076 (IA RL30076-crs)

Congressional Research Service

commons View

RL34619 (IA RL34619-crs)

Congressional Research Service

commons View

Nutrition science - an overview of American genius (IA CAT10844062)

Darby, William J. (William Jefferson), 1913- United States. Agricultural Research Service

commons View

Nutrition and numbers in the Third World (IA CAT31317006)

Harrar, J. George (Jacob George), 1906-1982

commons View

Science for better living (IA yoa1968)

commons View

Minnesota, its story and biography (IA minnesotaitsstor00cast)

Castle, Henry A. (Henry Anson), 1841-1916

commons View

RL30076 Congressional Gold Medals, 1776-2014 (IA RL30076CongressionalGoldMedals1776-2014-crs)

Congressional Research Service

commons View

Nobel Lecture: The Green Revolution, Peace, and Humanity

Civilization as it is known today could not have evolved, nor can it survive, without an adequate food supply. Yet food is something that is taken for granted by most world leaders despite the fact...

1970
Speeches Read Talk

Norman Borlaug Oral History Interviews

1970 Nobel Prize-winner and father of the "Green Revolution" Norman Borlaug discusses his early years, family background, education at the University of Minnesota, wheat research in Mexico during...

1984

The Green Revolution Revisited and the Road Ahead

"Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug presented his anniversary lecture at the Norwegian Nobel Institute in Oslo. An agricultural scientist, Borlaug's work in food production and hunger...

2002

He carried within him a love of people that made them love him.... with Clarence...

tice, claiming that mismanagement of his medications led to his stroke. == Tributes and legacy == Springsteen said of Clemons: "He carried within him a love of people that made them love him.......

Works Talk

Trigo hibrido: su potencial para alimentar una creciente población mundial

1966

Mankind and Civilization at Another Crossroad

1971

Wheat In The Third World

1982

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