Today In History logo TIH
Guru Nanak

Historical Figure

Guru Nanak

1469–1539

Founder and first guru of Sikhism (1469–1539)

Renaissance

Talk to Guru Nanak

Have a conversation with this historical figure through AI

Biography

Gurū Nānak, also known as Bābā Nānak, was an Indian spiritual teacher, mystic and poet, who is regarded as the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.

Source: Wikipedia · AI-summarized

Timeline

The story of Guru Nanak, told in moments.

1499 Life

Disappears into the River Beas while bathing. Gone for three days. Everyone assumes he's drowned. He reappears and declares: "There is no Hindu, there is no Muslim." He says he was taken to God's court and given a cup of nectar with a mission to teach. He is 30. This is the founding moment of Sikhism.

1499 Event

Disappeared into a river for three days. When he emerged, he said: "There is no Hindu. There is no Muslim." His first words as a spiritual teacher. He was 30. He'd spent years working as a government grain storekeeper.

1507 Event

Traveled across South Asia, the Middle East, and possibly Tibet over four great journeys spanning 20 years. Visited Mecca, Baghdad, and Sri Lanka. Debated with priests, mullahs, and yogis. Composed hymns along the way.

1507 Event

Begins a series of long journeys across Asia lasting over 20 years. He visits Mecca, Baghdad, Tibet, and Sri Lanka. Travels with Mardana, a Muslim musician who accompanies his hymns on the rebab. He debates with yogis, mullahs, and pandits. His message is consistent: one God, equality, shared meals.

1519 Event

Founds the town of Kartarpur on the banks of the Ravi River. Establishes the first Sikh community. Introduces the langar, a communal kitchen where everyone sits together to eat regardless of caste or faith. This is radical in a society defined by caste segregation.

1519 Event

Founded the town of Kartarpur on the banks of the Ravi River. Established the first Sikh community. Everyone ate together regardless of caste. The communal kitchen, or langar, became a core Sikh practice.

1539 Death

Dies in Kartarpur at age 70. Before dying, he appoints Guru Angad as his successor rather than his own sons. His 974 hymns are later compiled into the Guru Granth Sahib. Hindus and Muslims both claim the right to his funeral rites. According to tradition, when the sheet is lifted from his body, they find only flowers.

In Their Own Words (12)

Of a woman are we conceived, Of a woman are we born, To a woman are we betrothed and married, It is a woman who keeps the race going, Another companion is sought when the life-partner dies, Through a woman are established social ties. Why should we consider woman cursed and condemned, When from woman are born leaders and rulers. From woman alone is born a woman, Without woman there can be no human birth. Without woman, O Nanak, only the True One exists. Be it man or be it woman, Only those who sing His glory Are blessed and radiant with His Beauty, In His Presence and with His grace They appear with a radiant face.

Raag Aasaa Mehal 1, p. 473; in Aad Guru Granth Sahib (1983 edition by Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee); also in Guru Nanak and His Times (1971) by Anil Chandra Banerjee, p. 78 ISBN 1573929980 -->, 1971

Of a woman are we conceived, Of a woman are we born, To a woman are we betrothed and married, It is a woman who keeps the race going, Another companion is sought when the life-partner dies, Through a woman are established social ties. Why should we consider woman cursed and condemned, When from woman are born leaders and rulers. From woman alone is born a woman, Without woman there can be no human birth. Without woman, O Nanak, only the True One exists. Be it man or be it woman, Only those who sing His glory Are blessed and radiant with His Beauty, In His Presence and with His grace They appear with a radiant face.

Raag Aasaa Mehal 1, p. 473; in Aad Guru Granth Sahib (1983 edition by Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee); also in Guru Nanak and His Times (1971) by Anil Chandra Banerjee, p. 78 ISBN 1573929980 -->, 1971

You shall everywhere mind the book of the Granth-Sahib as your Guru; whatever you shall ask it will show you.

As quoted in Religious Thought and Life in India : An Account of the Religions of the Indian Peoples, Based on a Life's Study of Their Literature and on Personal Investigations in Their Own Country (1883) by Monier Monier-Williams, 1883

You shall everywhere mind the book of the Granth-Sahib as your Guru; whatever you shall ask it will show you.

As quoted in Religious Thought and Life in India : An Account of the Religions of the Indian Peoples, Based on a Life's Study of Their Literature and on Personal Investigations in Their Own Country (1883) by Monier Monier-Williams, 1883

Make compassion the cotton, contentment the thread, modesty the knot and truth the twist. This is the sacred thread of the soul; if you have it, then go ahead and put it on me.

Raag Aasaa 471:5383-4

Artifacts (15)

Guru Nanak

europeana View

Guru Nanak

europeana View

Religiøst tryk, sikhismen

image, photo
europeana View

Guru Nanak Dev by Raja Ravi Varma

Raja Ravi Varma

not mentioned
commons View

Religiøst tryk, sikhismen

image, photo
europeana View

Sikhisme, Gurduara Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji, sikh tempel, Alnabru i Oslo, eksteriør, flagg, flaggstang,

Aakvik, Rune

europeana View

Sikhisme, Gurduara Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji, sikh tempel, Alnabru i Oslo, eksteriør, flagg, flaggstang,

Aakvik, Rune

europeana View

Janamasākhī

Photozincographic facsimile of a Punjabi manuscript, printed under the auspices of the Survey of India.

1885

B-40 Janamsakhi Guru Baba Nanak Paintings

Illustrated manuscript with an accession number B-40 at the India Office Library, on Nānak, 1469-1538, 1st guru of the Sikhs; illustrations by Ālama Canda Rāja

1987

B-40 Janamsakhi Guru Baba Nanak Paintings

Illustrated manuscript with an accession number B-40 at the India Office Library, on Nānak, 1469-1538, 1st guru of the Sikhs; illustrations by Ālama Canda Rāja

1987

Srī Gurū Nānaka Dewa Jī: Jīwanī

Biography of Sri Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1st Guru of the Sikhs).

2004

- arkivdokument -

VARANASIA (OR BENARES) - THE MOST HOLY CITY OF HINDUS Varanasi is one of the oldest cities in the world. It originated in a sacred grove where divine essence had its boning. Early on,...

2004

Sri Japji Sahib

This is an English translation of Guru Nanak's famous Sri Japji Sahib which was originally written in Gurmukhi script. This is rightly regarded as one of the world's great spiritual classics. It is...

2018

Asa Di Vaar

Asa Di Vaar, or "A Ballad of Hope," is a captivating and soul-stirring collection of 24 verses found within the revered Sikh scripture, Guru Granth Sahib. Believed to be written by Guru Nanak Dev,...

2023

Asa Di Vaar

Asa Di Vaar, or "A Ballad of Hope," is a captivating and soul-stirring collection of 24 verses found within the revered Sikh scripture, Guru Granth Sahib. Believed to be written by Guru Nanak Dev,...

2023

More from the Renaissance

Explore what happened on the days that shaped Guru Nanak's life. Today In History connects historical figures with the events, births, and deaths that defined their era. Browse all historical figures or explore today's events.