Historical Figure
Bhagat Singh
1907–1931
Indian revolutionary (1907–1931)
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Biography
Bhagat Singh was an Indian anti-colonial revolutionary who participated in the mistaken murder of a junior British police officer in December 1928 in what was intended to be retaliation for the death of an Indian nationalist. He later took part in a largely symbolic bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi and a hunger strike in jail, which—on the back of sympathetic coverage in Indian-owned newspapers—turned him into a household name in the Punjab region, and, after his execution at age 23, a martyr and folk hero in Northern India. Borrowing ideas from Bolshevism and anarchism, the charismatic Bhagat Singh electrified a growing militancy in India in the 1930s and prompted urgent introspection within the Indian National Congress's nonviolent, and eventually successful, campaign for India's independence.
Timeline
The story of Bhagat Singh, told in moments.
Founded the Naujawan Bharat Sabha (Youth Society of India) to organize peasants and workers. Drew heavily on Marxist and anarchist writings. He was 18.
Shot and killed a junior British police officer, John Saunders, in Lahore. He'd intended to kill a senior officer in retaliation for the death of nationalist leader Lala Lajpat Rai. He got the wrong man.
Shot and killed British police officer J.P. Saunders in Lahore. The intended target was Superintendent James Scott, who'd ordered the lathi charge that fatally injured Lala Lajpat Rai. Wrong man.
Threw two smoke bombs into the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi and shouted "Inquilab Zindabad!" ("Long live the revolution!"). He could have escaped. He didn't. He waited to be arrested.
Threw smoke bombs into the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi with Batukeshwar Dutt. The bombs were designed not to kill. He shouted "Inquilab Zindabad!" and surrendered willingly.
Hanged in Lahore Central Jail at 23. The British moved the execution up by 11 hours to avoid protests. His body was cremated secretly on the banks of the Sutlej River. He became the most revered martyr of India's independence movement.
Hanged at Lahore Central Jail at age 23. The execution was moved up by several hours and carried out in secret to avoid crowds. His body was cremated on the banks of the Sutlej River.
In Their Own Words (15)
If the deaf are to hear, the sound has to be very loud. When we dropped the bomb, it was not our intention to kill anybody. We have bombed the British Government. The British must quit India and make her free.
As quoted in Awakening Indians to India (2008), p. 82, 2008
Non-violence is backed by the theory of soul-force in which suffering is courted in the hope of ultimately winning over the opponent. But what happens when such an attempt fail to achieve the object? It is here that soul-force has to be combined with physical force so as not to remain at the mercy of tyrannical and ruthless enemy.
As quoted in The Sikh Review, Vol. 55 (2007), p. 173, 2007
I emphasize that I am full of ambition and hope and of full charm of life. But I can renounce all at the time of need, and that is the real sacrifice. These things can never be hinderance in the way of man, provided he be a man. You will have the practical proof in the near future.
Selected writings of Shaheed Bhagat Singh (1986), p. 65, 1986
By "Revolution", we mean the ultimate establishment of an order of society which may not be threatened by such breakdown, and in which the sovereignty of the proletariat should be recognized and a world federation should redeem humanity from the bondage of capitalism and misery of imperial wars.
As quoted in Bhagat Singh and His Ideology (1981) by Shiri Ram Bakshi, 1981
Revolution means action. It means a change brought about deliberately by an organized and systematic work, as opposed to sudden and unorganised or spontaneous change or breakdown.
To Young Political Workers (1931), 1931
Artifacts (15)
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. (IA journalofbombayn8219bomb)
Bombay Natural History Society
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society (IA journalofbombay831986bomb)
Bombay Natural History Society
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society (IA journalofbombay921995bomb)
Bombay Natural History Society
Photograph of Indian freedom fighter Sardar Kishan Singh (father of Bhagat Singh)
Unknown authorUnknown author
A dictionary of the characters and scenes in the stories and poems of Rudyard Kipling, 1886-1911 (IA cu31924013493980)
Young, W. Arthur
Painting of Bhagat Namdev, from a folio within an illustrated manuscript of the Prem Ambodh Pothi
Unknown authorUnknown author
Painting of Bhagat Dhanna, from a folio within an illustrated manuscript of the Prem Ambodh Pothi
Unknown authorUnknown author
Painting of Bhagat Pipa, from a folio within an illustrated manuscript of the Prem Ambodh Pothi
Unknown authorUnknown author
Painting of Bhagat Prahlad, from a folio within an illustrated manuscript of the Prem Ambodh Pothi
Unknown authorUnknown author
Painting of Bhagat Sain, from a folio within an illustrated manuscript of the Prem Ambodh Pothi
Unknown authorUnknown author
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