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Adolf Eichmann

Historical Figure

Adolf Eichmann

1906–1962

German SS officer and war criminal (1906–1962)

Postwar

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Biography

Otto Adolf Eichmann was a German-Austrian official of the Nazi Party, an officer of the Schutzstaffel (SS), a convicted war criminal, and one of the major organisers of the Holocaust. He participated in the January 1942 Wannsee Conference, at which the implementation of the genocidal Final Solution to the Jewish Question was planned. Following this, he was tasked by SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich with facilitating and managing the logistics involved in the mass deportation of millions of Jews to Nazi ghettos and Nazi extermination camps across German-occupied Europe. He was captured and detained by the Allies in 1945, but escaped and eventually settled in Argentina. In May 1960, he was tracked down and apprehended by Israel's Mossad intelligence agency, and put on trial before the Supreme Court of Israel. The highly publicised Eichmann trial resulted in his conviction in Jerusalem, following which he was executed by hanging in 1962.

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Timeline

The story of Adolf Eichmann, told in moments.

1942 Event

Attended the Wannsee Conference, where 15 Nazi officials planned the logistics of the Final Solution in 90 minutes over cognac and lunch. Eichmann took the minutes.

1960 Event

Captured by Mossad agents in Buenos Aires, where he'd been living under the name Ricardo Klement. They grabbed him at a bus stop near his home and smuggled him to Israel on an El Al flight.

1962 Death

Hanged at Ramla prison. His last words: "Long live Germany. Long live Argentina. Long live Austria." His body was cremated and the ashes scattered in the Mediterranean beyond Israeli waters.

In Their Own Words (20)

I will simply not do penance.

A text handwritten by Eichmann in 1956, as quoted in Eichmann Before Jerusalem by Bettina Stangneth (2015)., 2015

The language becomes entirely perverted where Eichmann turns metaphors on their heads, talking about expulsion and murder using gentle images of life. An institution for forced emigration was his "first child," where he was able to "be creative in my work." All the individual acts of robbery and expulsion that took place in Austria were committed to "provide [the country] with injections of Jewish solutions." Even exterminations and deportations were "born". This was why he felt so superfluous in Budapest, when he was forced to stop deporting people to Auschwitz: "As far as I know, I couldn't have done anything fruitful anymore" ... In Eichmann's language, he didn't send people to the death camps; the camps were "fed with material".

Eichmann Before Jerusalem by Bettina Stangneth (2015)., 2015

My political sentiments inclined toward the left and emphasized the socialist aspects every bit as much as the nationalist ones.

Eichmann's memoir False Gods, quoted in Gotz Aly, Hitler's Beneficiaries. How the Nazis Bought the German People (London: Verso, 2007), pp. 16-17., 2007

I witnessed the gruesome workings of the machinery of death; gear meshed with gear, like clockwork. It was the biggest and most enormous dance of death of all times.

2000

Because I have seen hell, death and the devil, because I had to watch the madness of destruction, because I was one of the many horses pulling the wagon and couldn't escape left or right because of the will of the driver, I now feel called upon and have the desire to tell what happened.

2000

Artifacts (15)

Lucas Cranach d. Ä. - The Annunciation to Joachim - WGA05664

Lucas Cranach the Elder

1518
commons View

Budapest kunst 0056

Lucas Cranach the Elder

1518
commons View

Adolf Eichmann at Trial1961

Israel Government Press Office

1961-04-05
commons View

USS Lake Erie (CG 70) missile test

Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Maebel Tinoko (U.S. Navy)

2007-04-24
commons View

1794 Samuel Dunn Wall Map of the World in Hemispheres - Geographicus - World2-dunn-1794

Thomas Kitchin

1794
commons View

Adolf Eichmann is sentenced to death at the conclusion of the Eichmann Trial USHMM 65289

Israeli GPO photographer

Taken on 15 December 1961
commons View

US Navy 090210-N-9671T-144 A port security boat patrols the waters near Kuwait Naval Base

U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Kenneth G. Takada

Taken on 10 February 2009
commons View

Eichmann Interrogated: Transcripts From The Archives Of The Israeli Police

As head of the Gestapo's "Jewish Evacuation Department," Lieutenant Colonel Adolf Eichmann (1906-1962) was the driving force in the impoverishment, deportation, and extermination of millions of Jews....

1999

אדולף אייכמן

1961

Der Prozess von Jerusalem: ein Dokument

1964

Eichmann par Eichmann

1970

Ich, Adolf Eichmann: ein historischer Zeugenbericht

1980

Ich, Adolf Eichmann

1980

Yo, Adolf Eichmann: un testimonio histórico

1982

Das Eichmann-Protokoll: Tonbandaufzeichnungen der israelischen Verhöre

1982

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