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Mikhail Gorbachev

Historical Figure

Mikhail Gorbachev

1931–2022

Leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991

Interwar & WWII

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"On Geopolitics and Global Cooperation" — c. 2008

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Biography

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was a Soviet and Russian politician who was the last leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until the country's dissolution in 1991. He served as General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1985, and additionally as head of state from 1988. Ideologically, he initially adhered to Marxism–Leninism, but moved towards social democracy by the early 1990s.

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Timeline

The story of Mikhail Gorbachev, told in moments.

1955 Life

Graduates from Moscow State University with a law degree. He'd married fellow student Raisa Titarenko in 1953. Back in Stavropol, he rises through the Communist Party bureaucracy. He's a believer. He thinks the system can be reformed from within. By 1978 he's back in Moscow as a Central Committee secretary. By 1980 he's in the Politburo.

1985 Event

Becomes General Secretary of the Communist Party at 54, the youngest leader since Stalin. Three elderly leaders have died in three years. He inherits a stagnating economy, an unwinnable war in Afghanistan, and a nuclear arsenal pointed at the United States. He launches glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring).

1987 Event

Signs the INF Treaty with Reagan, eliminating an entire class of nuclear missiles. He's already withdrawn troops from Afghanistan. He tells Eastern European leaders the Soviet Union won't intervene in their internal affairs anymore. When the Berlin Wall falls in November 1989, Soviet tanks don't move. This is his choice.

1991 Event

Communist hardliners launch a coup while he's on vacation in Crimea. They cut his phone lines and send tanks into Moscow. Boris Yeltsin stands on a tank and rallies the resistance. The coup collapses in three days. But Gorbachev returns to a different country. By December, the Soviet Union dissolves. He resigns on Christmas Day.

2022 Death

Dies in Moscow at 91. Revered in the West for ending the Cold War. Despised by many Russians for losing the empire. His wife Raisa died of leukemia in 1999. He never remarried. Putin sends condolences but doesn't attend the funeral. A few hundred people do.

In Their Own Words (20)

United States "grew arrogant and self-confident" after the collapse of the Soviet Union, resulting in "a new empire. Hence the idea of NATO expansion".

Gorbachev says U.S. became "arrogant" after Soviet Union collapsed ''CBS News 24 December 2021, 2021

I was probably too liberal and democratic as regards Yeltsin. I should have sent him as ambassador to Great Britain or maybe a former British colony.

As quoted in an interview with The Guardian (17 August 2011), 2011

We desperately need to recognise that we are the guests, not the masters, of nature and adopt a new paradigm for development, based on the costs and benefits to all people, and bound by the limits of nature herself rather than the limits of technology and consumerism.

As quoted in Planet Savers : 301 Extraordinary Environmentalists (2008) by Kevin Desmond, p. 248, 2008

We had 10 years after the Cold War to build a new world order and yet we squandered them. The United States cannot tolerate anyone acting independently. Every US president has to have a war.

As quoted in an interview with The London Daily Telegraph (7 May 2008), 2008

I express the very deepest condolences to the family of the deceased on whose shoulders rest major events for the good of the country and serious mistakes.

On the death of Boris Yeltsin, in "Russia's former president Yeltsin dies: Kremlin" in Reuters (23 April 2007), 2007

Artifacts (15)

State visit of President Mikhail Gorbachev and Mrs Raissa Gorbachova

20th Cent. - 2nd Half
europeana View

State visit of President Mikhail Gorbachev and Mrs Raissa Gorbachova

20th Cent. - 2nd Half
europeana View

State visit of President Mikhail Gorbachev and Mrs Raissa Gorbachova

20th Cent. - 2nd Half
europeana View

State visit of President Mikhail Gorbachev and Mrs Raissa Gorbachova

20th Cent. - 2nd Half
europeana View

State visit of President Mikhail Gorbachev and Mrs Raissa Gorbachova

20th Cent. - 2nd Half
europeana View

State visit of President Mikhail Gorbachev and Mrs Raissa Gorbachova

20th Cent. - 2nd Half
europeana View

State visit of President Mikhail Gorbachev and Mrs Raissa Gorbachova

20th Cent. - 2nd Half
europeana View

State visit of President Mikhail Gorbachev and Mrs Raissa Gorbachova

20th Cent. - 2nd Half
europeana View

State visit of President Mikhail Gorbachev and Mrs Raissa Gorbachova

20th Cent. - 2nd Half
europeana View

State visit of President Mikhail Gorbachev and Mrs Raissa Gorbachova

20th Cent. - 2nd Half
europeana View

State visit of President Mikhail Gorbachev and Mrs Raissa Gorbachova

20th Cent. - 2nd Half
europeana View

State visit of President Mikhail Gorbachev and Mrs Raissa Gorbachova

20th Cent. - 2nd Half
europeana View

Mikhail Gorbachev Takes Charge of the Chea

An information bulletin produced by Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty based on extensive monitoring of communist bloc news outlets and primarily intended for internal circulation. Pieces were generally...

1985

Peace and Disarmament: We Should Look for a Way Out Together

Given on: In August 1985, as part of an interview with the American magazine, Time . Source of the text: Mikhail Gorbachev, "Peace and Disarmament. We Should Look for a Way Out Together", Soviet Life...

1985

A Capella: irregulator of the Freedom and Peace Movement, Gdańsk no. 2

On the title page, a quote from Mikhail Gorbachev: 'Only people of ill will can think that all initiatives and peace movements are inspired by Moscow’.

1986

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