Historical Figure
Leonid Brezhnev
d. 1982
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982
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Biography
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was a Soviet politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964 until his death in 1982. He also held office as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1960 to 1964 and later from 1977 to 1982. His tenure as General Secretary and leader of the Soviet Union was second only to Joseph Stalin's in duration.
Timeline
The story of Leonid Brezhnev, told in moments.
Served as a political commissar during World War II. Participated in the defense of the Caucasus and the liberation of Ukraine. Reached the rank of major general by war's end, though his actual combat role was modest.
Led the coup that removed Nikita Khrushchev. The Politburo voted Khrushchev out while he was vacationing on the Black Sea. Brezhnev became General Secretary. He was 57.
Ordered Warsaw Pact forces into Czechoslovakia to crush the Prague Spring. 200,000 troops, 2,000 tanks. The Brezhnev Doctrine declared the Soviet Union's right to intervene in any socialist state that threatened the bloc.
Signed the SALT I arms limitation treaty with Richard Nixon in Moscow. The first agreement to cap nuclear arsenals. Both men understood the math of mutual annihilation.
Authorized the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Expected it to last weeks. It lasted a decade, killed 15,000 Soviet soldiers, and became the USSR's Vietnam.
In Their Own Words (20)
God will not forgive us if we fail.
As quoted in Understanding the Cold War : A Historian's Personal Reflections (2002) by Adam Bruno Ulam and Paul Hollander, p. 269, 2002
Detente is a readiness to resolve differences and conflicts not by force, not by threats and sabre-rattling, but by peaceful means, at the conference table.
As quoted in Brezhnev Reconsidered (2002) by Edwin Bacon, Mark Sandle, p. 99, 2002
It is madness for any country to build its policy with an eye to nuclear war.
As quoted in Indefensible Weapons : The Political and Psychological Case Against Nuclearism (1992) by Robert Jay Lifton and Richard A. Falk, p. 224, 1992
I shall add that only he who has decided to commit suicide can start a nuclear war in the hope of emerging a victor from it. No matter what the attacker might possess, no matter what method of unleashing nuclear war he chooses, he will not attain his aims. Retribution will inevitably ensue.
As quoted in Soviet Strategy and the New Military Thinking (1992) by Derek Leebaert and Timothy Dickinson, p. 68, 1992
We are entirely for the idea that Europe shall be free from nuclear weapons, from medium-range weapons as well as tactical weapons. That would be a real zero option.
As quoted in Nuclear War: The Search for Solutions (1985) by Leonard V. Johnson, Helen Caldicott, Thomas L. Perry and Dianne DeMille, 1985
Artifacts (15)
The Soviet leader, Leonid Brezhnev visiting Turku, on September 25, 1961.
Hietanen, V. K.
The Soviet leader, Leonid Brezhnev visiting Turku, on September 25, 1961.
Hietanen, V. K.
The Soviet leader, Leonid Brezhnev visiting Turku, on September 25, 1961.
Hietanen, V. K.
The Soviet leader, Leonid Brezhnev visiting Turku, on September 25, 1961.
Hietanen, V. K.
The Soviet leader, Leonid Brezhnev visiting Turku, on September 25, 1961.
Hietanen, V. K.
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