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Francis Xavier

Historical Figure

Francis Xavier

1506–1552

Navarese Catholic saint and missionary (1506–1552)

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Biography

Francis Xavier, venerated as Saint Francis Xavier, was a Navarrese cleric and missionary. He co-founded the Society of Jesus and, as a representative of the Portuguese Empire, led the first Christian mission to Japan.

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In Their Own Words (5)

St Xavier had come to the East representing both the Pope ‑ as a Legate ‑ and the King as an inspector of missions. As missionary work was a State enterprise charged to the Crown's revenues in Portugal, this identification of national, interests with religious activity should not be a matter of surprise.

K. M. Panikkar. Asia and Western Dominance: a survey of the Vasco Da Gama epoch of Asian history, 1498–1945. , 1498

The impatient Xavier, still dissatisfied with the result of his labour wrote to the King of Portugal that the only hope of increasing the number of Christians was by the use of the secular power of the State. As a result of this note, the King issued orders that in Goa and other Portuguese settlements, “all idols shall be sought out and destroyed, and severe penalties shall be laid upon all such as shall dare to make an idol or shall shelter or hide a Brahmin”.

Page 54 History of Missions Richter quoted from Madhya Pradesh (India), Goel, S. R., Niyogi, M. B. (1998). Vindicated by time: The Niyogi Committee report on Christian missionary activities , 1998

By the aid of the vice-regal troops he pulled down the heathen temples in the neighbourhood of Goa, and appropriated their very considerable property for the use and benefit of the new College." (Page 89)

Theodor Griesinger-"The Jesuits; a complete history." translated from German into English by A. J. Smith. M. D. and was published in 1892 by W. H. Allen and Co. publishers to the India office London. quoted from Shraddananda, Hindu Sangathan, Saviour of the Dying Race (Delhi 1926) , 1892

All the heathen are filled with admiration at the holiness of the law of God, and express the greatest shame at having lived so long in ignorance of the true God. They willingly hear about the mysteries and rules of the Christian religion, and treat me, poor sinner as I am, with the greatest respect. Many, however, put away from them with hardness of heart the truth which they well know. When I have done my instruction, I ask one by one all those who desire baptism if they believe without hesitation in each of the articles of the faith. All immediately, holding their arms in the form of the cross, declare with one voice that they believe all entirely. Then at last I baptize them in due form, and I give to each his name written on a ticket. After their baptism the new Christians go back to their houses and bring me their wives and families for baptism. When all are baptized I order the temples of their false gods to be destroyed and all the idols to be broken in pieces. I can give you an idea of the joy I feel in seeing this done, witnessing the destruction of the idols by the very people who but lately adored them. In all the towns and villages I leave the Christian doctrine in writing in the language of the country. I prescribe at the same time the manner in which it is to taught in the morning and evening schools.

But it was St. Xavier who made anti-Brahminism the central theme of his missionary thrust. “These are,” he wrote, “the most perverse people in the world...they never tell the truth, but think of nothing but how to tell subtle lies and to deceive the simple and ignorant people...the poor simple people do exactly what the Brahmins tell them...If there were no Brahmins in the area, all Hindus would accept conversion to our faith.”

Timeline

The story of Francis Xavier, told in moments.

1534 Event

Took vows with Ignatius of Loyola and five others in a chapel on Montmartre. This small group became the Society of Jesus.

1542 Event

Arrived in Goa, Portuguese India. Spent months learning Tamil by translating prayers phonetically. He walked through villages ringing a bell to gather crowds.

1549 Event

Reached Japan. Learned enough Japanese to preach in the streets of Kagoshima. Converted around 100 people in the first year. The local daimyo tolerated him.

1552 Death

Died of fever on Shangchuan Island off the Chinese coast. He was trying to enter mainland China but couldn't get past the trade embargo. He was 46. His body was found months later, reportedly uncorrupted.

Artifacts (8)

Christ, Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier

Pieter de Jode I|Nicolaes Lauwers|Nicolaes Lauwers

17th century · Engraving
The Met View

Reproductive Print of the Miracles of St. Francis Xavier Altarpiece

Peter Paul Rubens|Ignatius Cornelis Marinus

1615–39 · Engraving
The Met View

The Death of Saint Francis Xavier

Ciro Ferri

1674–79 · Black chalk
The Met View

Saint Francis Xavier baptizing the Indians

Pierre Jean Mariette|Anonymous|Ciro Ferri

1714–74 · Engraving
The Met View

Saint Francis Xavier

mid-17th century · Alabaster; base: white marble
The Met View

Saint Francis Xavier and Saint Ignatius of Loyola

Schelte Adams à Bolswert|Peter Paul Rubens

ca. 1633–59 · Engraving; second state of two
The Met View

Saint Francis Xavier with an angel holding a crucifix

Francesco Bertos

ca. 1722 · Bronze
The Met View

Commemorating the two Jesuit Saints: Ignatius Loyola (Founder), and Francis Xavier (1506–1552) (greatest missionary)

1677 · Wax, partially painted obverse
The Met View

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