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Eugene O'Neill

Historical Figure

Eugene O'Neill

1888–1953

American playwright (1888–1953)

Industrial

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Biography

Eugene Gladstone O'Neill Sr. was an American playwright. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into the U.S. the drama techniques of realism, earlier associated with Chekhov, Ibsen, and Strindberg. The tragedy Long Day's Journey into Night is often included on lists of the finest American plays in the 20th century, alongside Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire and Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman. He was awarded the 1936 Nobel Prize in Literature. O'Neill is also the only playwright to win four Pulitzer Prizes for Drama.

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Timeline

The story of Eugene O'Neill, told in moments.

1912 Event

Attempted suicide. Then contracted tuberculosis. Spent six months in a sanatorium. Started reading Strindberg and Ibsen. Decided to become a playwright.

1920 Event

Won his first Pulitzer Prize for Beyond the Horizon. Three more Pulitzers followed. He remains the only American playwright to win four.

1936 Event

Awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. His acceptance speech from his hospital bed. Too sick to travel to Stockholm. He was only the second American to receive the prize.

1941 Event

Finished Long Day's Journey into Night, his most autobiographical work. A brutal portrait of his own family. He sealed it with instructions not to publish it until 25 years after his death. His wife released it in 1956.

1953 Death

Died in a Boston hotel room at 65. A tremor in his hands had made writing impossible for years. His last words, reportedly: "Born in a hotel room and died in a hotel room."

In Their Own Words (20)

If a person is to get the meaning of life he must learn to like the facts about himself — ugly as they may seem to his sentimental vanity — before he can learn the truth behind the facts. And the truth is never ugly.

New York Herald Tribune (9 September 1956), 1956

I hate doctors! They'll do anything — anything to keep you coming to them. They'll sell their souls! What's worse, they'll sell yours, and you never know it till one day you find yourself in hell!

Act 2, Scene 1, p. 76, 1955

How thick the fog is. I can't see the road. All the people in the world could pass by and I would never know. I wish it was always that way. It's getting dark already. It will soon be night, thank goodness.

Act 3, p. 104, 1955

Yes, I remember. I fell in love with James Tyrone and was so happy for a time

p. 179, 1955

It wasn't the fog I minded, Cathleen. I really love fog. It hides you from the world and the world from you. You feel that everything has changed, and nothing is what it seemed to be. No one can find or touch you any more. Its the foghorn I hate. It won't let you alone. It keeps reminding you, and warning you, and calling you back.

Act 3, p. 100, 1955

Artifacts (15)

Paul Robeson

Haselden, William Kerridge

1933
vam View

$1 Eugene O'Neill plate proof

Bureau of Engraving and Printing

paper; ink (dull purple) / engraving
Smithsonian View

A Moon For The Misbegotten: Eugene Oneill Plays

A Moon for the Misbegotten is a play by Eugene O'Neill. The play is a sequel to O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into Night, with the Jim Tyrone character as an older version of Jamie Tyrone. He began...

1941

Long Day's Journey Into Night

Author Eugene O'Neill gives an autobiographical account of his explosive home life. Fused by a drug-addicted mother, a father who wallows in drink after realizing he is no longer a famous actor, and...

1964

Hughie

THE STORY: Originally produced on Broadway, revived to sellout houses in 1996 starring Al Pacino, HUGHIE was one of O'Neill's last works. It was originally intended as part of a series of short plays,...

1982

Conversations with Eugene O'Neill

This collection of thirty years of interviews with America's only Nobel Prize dramatist records his encounters with the press and gives a striking portrait of the man and the process of his public...

1990

A Moon for the Misbegotten

A new, affordable paperback edition of one O’Neill’s late masterpieces Eugene O’Neill’s last completed play, A Moon for the Misbegotten is a sequel to his autobiographical Long Day’s Journey Into...

2006

Long Day's Journey Into Night: Multimedia Edition

The American classic—as you’ve never experienced it before. This multimedia edition, edited by William Davies King, offers an interactive guide to O’Neill’s masterpiece. -- Hear rare archival...

2016

Desire Under the Elms

These three plays exemplify Eugene O and Neil and s ability to explore the limits of the human predicament, even as he sounds the depths of his audiences and hearts.

2022

The Great God Brown

Eugene O'Neill's "The Great God Brown" is a profound exploration of identity, ambition, and the duality of human nature, set against the backdrop of a rapidly changing America in the early 20th...

2022

The Hairy Ape

Eugene O’Neill’s The Hairy Ape isn’t one of his best-known works, but it has gained popularity as an exploration of early American society. It was first produced in 1922 by the Provincetown Players in...

2023

Anna Christie

Excerpt: "SCENE—"Johnny-The-Priest's" saloon near South Street, New York City. The stage is divided into two sections, showing a small back room on the right. On the left, forward, of the barroom, a...

2024

The Hairy Ape

Excerpt: "SCENE—The firemen's forecastle of a transatlantic liner an hour after sailing from New York for the voyage across. Tiers of narrow, steel bunks, three deep, on all sides. An entrance in...

2024

The First Man

The First Man is an unfinished autobiographical play written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill. O'Neill, a Nobel laureate in Literature, is known for his groundbreaking contributions to American...

2024

happy to take my foot off the gas for a bit

d far fewer copies than his previous albums, which Cook credited to its more obscure musical style. Cook said he was "happy to take my foot off the gas for a bit" and receive less tabloid attention....

Works Talk

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