Elizabeth Tudor (b. 1492)

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Biography

Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last and longest reigning monarch of the House of Tudor. Her eventful reign, and its effect on history and culture, gave name to the Elizabethan era.

Timeline

The story of Elizabeth Tudor, told in moments.

1533 Birth

Born at Greenwich Palace. Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. When she was two, her mother was beheaded and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate.

What do you remember of your mother's execution? How did being declared illegitimate at two shape you?

1554 Event

Imprisoned in the Tower of London by her half-sister Mary I on suspicion of supporting a Protestant rebellion. She entered through Traitors' Gate. Two months of uncertainty about whether she'd live.

What went through your mind entering the Tower through Traitors' Gate? Did you think you would die there?

1558 Event

Became Queen at 25 after Mary's death. Legend says she was reading under an oak tree when the news came. "This is the Lord's doing, and it is marvelous in our eyes."

Was 'This is the Lord's doing' genuine belief or performance? What was your first act as queen?

1588 Event

The Spanish Armada sailed against England with 130 ships. Storms, English fire ships, and poor planning destroyed it. Elizabeth rode to Tilbury in armor and delivered a speech her troops never forgot.

Were you at Tilbury out of bravery or political calculation? Did you write that speech yourself?

1603 Death

Died at Richmond Palace at 69. Never married. Never named a successor publicly. The Tudor dynasty ended with her. James VI of Scotland took the throne.

Why never marry? Was the Virgin Queen image a strategy or the truth?

Artifacts (1)

Sampler

Elizabeth Tudor, English, b.1822

1834 · Medium: silk and human hair embroidery on wool foundation Technique: embroidered in cross, stem, satin, eyelet, buttonhole, half cross, knot, and running stitching on plain weave foundation

Smithsonian View

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Explore what happened on the days that shaped Elizabeth Tudor's life. Today In History connects historical figures with the events, births, and deaths that defined their era. Browse all historical figures or explore today's events.