Historical Figure
Colin Powell
1937–2021
American general, diplomat and statesman (1937–2021)
Hear Their Voice
Original recordings and AI voice
"Retirement Ceremony Address" — September 30, 1993
Generated by Today in History
Talk to Colin Powell
Have a conversation with this historical figure through AI
Biography
Colin Luther Powell was an American Army general, diplomat, and statesman who was the 65th United States secretary of state from 2001 to 2005 and was the highest-ranking Black American in the federal executive branch in American history until the election of Barack Obama as president in 2008. Originally a member of the Republican Party, he was the first Black American to hold the office. He was the 15th national security advisor from 1987 to 1989, and the 12th chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1989 to 1993.
Timeline
The story of Colin Powell, told in moments.
Serves as a military adviser in South Vietnam, where he is wounded by a punji-stick trap. Returns for a second tour in 1968. Investigates the My Lai massacre report and writes a memo dismissing the allegations. He later calls this a "blot" on his record.
Appointed Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The youngest person and first Black American to hold the position. Over the next four years, he oversees the Panama invasion and Desert Storm. His doctrine: use overwhelming force or don't go in at all.
Sworn in as 65th Secretary of State under George W. Bush. The highest-ranking Black official in the history of the federal government until Barack Obama is elected president seven years later.
Presents the case for Iraqi weapons of mass destruction to the UN Security Council. He holds up a vial of white powder. He shows satellite photos. The intelligence is wrong. He calls this speech the lowest point of his career: "a blot that will always be on my record."
Dies of complications from COVID-19 at 84. He was fully vaccinated but immunocompromised from blood cancer treatment.
In Their Own Words (20)
As successes come your way, remember that you didn't do it alone. It is always we.
p. 266, 2012
Facts are verified information that is then presented as objective reality. The rub here is the verified part. How do you verify verified? Facts are slippery, and so is verification. Today's verification may not be tomorrow's. It turns out that facts may not really be facts; they can change as the verification changes; they may only tell part of the story, not the whole story; or they may be so qualified by verifiers that they're empty of information.
p. 113, 2012
Verified facts don't always come pure, but with qualifiers. My warning radar always goes on alert when qualifiers are attached to facts. Qualifiers like: My best judgement... I think... As best I can tell... Usually reliable sources say... For the most part... We've been told... and the like. I don't dismiss facts so qualified; but I'm cautious about taking them to the bank.
p. 115, 2012
As you will see, there are no conclusions or recommendations, just my observations. The chapters are freestanding. You can read them straight through or jump in anywhere. Everyone has life lessons and stories. These are mine. All I can say is that they worked for me.
p. xii, 2012
You can't make good decisions unless you have good information and can separate facts from opinion and speculation.'''
p. 113, 2012
Artifacts (15)
Powell/Kleinschmidt Records
Powell Kleinschmidt
Photograph of Brigadier General Colin L Powell
Department of Defense. Department of the Army. Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations. U.S. Army Audiovisual Center.
Near Lake Powell, Arizona, from the series "American Prospects"
Joel Sternfeld
Lake Powell, Arizona, from the series "American Prospects"
Joel Sternfeld
Fotografie: Besuch von US-Verteidigungsminister Caspar Weinberger in West-Berlin
Fotografie: Besuch von US-Verteidigungsminister Caspar Weinberger in West-Berlin
More from the Interwar & WWII
Explore what happened on the days that shaped Colin Powell's life. Today In History connects historical figures with the events, births, and deaths that defined their era. Browse all historical figures or explore today's events.