Joan of Arc Vindicated: Martyr Cleared 25 Years On
Pope Callixtus III overturns the 1431 heresy conviction that burned Joan of Arc, declaring her a martyr and restoring her name to honor. This legal reversal dismantled the political justification for her execution, allowing France to reclaim her as a national symbol rather than a condemned criminal.
July 7, 1456
570 years ago
Key Figures & Places
What Else Happened on July 7
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Jacques Cartier traded furs for European goods with the Mi'kmaq people in the Chaleur Bay, initiating the first formal contact between France and the Indigenous…
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The garrison numbered just forty-seven men when 3,000 French soldiers crossed into Luxembourg on April 1, 1543. Governor Claude de Bouillon surrendered within h…
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