Berber forces under Sulayman ibn al-Hakam defeated Umayyad Caliph Muhammad II at the Battle of Qantish on November 5, 1009, shattering his army and forcing him to flee Córdoba. The defeat triggered the Fitna, a devastating civil war that fragmented the Caliphate of Córdoba into dozens of competing taifa kingdoms. The once-unified Islamic state in Iberia never reconsolidated, leaving the taifas vulnerable to Christian reconquest.
November 5, 1009
1017 years ago
What Else Happened on November 5
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