Franklin Roosevelt's second inauguration on January 20, 1937, was the first presidential swearing-in held on that date, marking the implementation of the Twentieth Amendment's new schedule. The previous date, March 4, had left a four-month gap between election and inauguration that proved dangerous during national crises. The amendment, ratified in 1933, cut the transition period nearly in half. The weather in Washington was miserable: cold rain fell throughout the ceremony at the Capitol's East Portico. Roosevelt, bundled against the elements, delivered an inaugural address that would become one of the most quoted in American history. His declaration "I see one-third of a nation ill-housed, ill-clad, ill-nourished" acknowledged that the Depression remained far from over despite four years of New Deal programs. His Vice President, John Nance Garner of Texas, stood nearby. Garner had been instrumental in delivering southern Democratic votes for the New Deal's early legislation, but the partnership was already fraying. Garner was a fiscal conservative who had grown uncomfortable with the expansion of federal spending and executive power. By 1940, he would challenge Roosevelt for the Democratic nomination. The second term began with Roosevelt at the height of his political power. He had won reelection in November 1936 by the largest Electoral College margin since James Monroe's unopposed victory in 1820, carrying 46 of 48 states and defeating Alf Landon with 60.8 percent of the popular vote. But the mandate proved deceptive. Within months, Roosevelt overreached with his plan to expand the Supreme Court by adding up to six additional justices, designed to overcome a conservative majority that had struck down key New Deal legislation. The "court-packing" plan was seen as an assault on judicial independence. Even Roosevelt's allies in Congress balked. The plan failed, and the political capital it consumed was never recovered. The "Roosevelt Recession" of 1937-38, triggered partly by premature spending cuts, pushed unemployment back above 19 percent and fractured his coalition.