Franklin Roosevelt took the presidential oath for the fourth time on January 20, 1945, in a subdued ceremony on the South Portico of the White House. There were no inaugural balls, no parade, no crowds lining Pennsylvania Avenue. The war was still being fought on two fronts. The ceremony lasted fifteen minutes. He was dying. The press corps could see it. His hands trembled. His face was gaunt, the flesh hanging from his jawline. He had lost over thirty pounds in the previous year. His cardiologist, Dr. Howard Bruenn, had diagnosed him with congestive heart failure, hypertension, and acute bronchitis. None of this was disclosed to the public or, fully, to Roosevelt himself. He had won a fourth term in November 1944, defeating Thomas Dewey with 53.4 percent of the popular vote, a margin that was comfortable but smaller than his previous three victories. The fourth-term campaign itself had been a gamble: Roosevelt's closest advisors knew he was gravely ill and debated among themselves whether he could survive another term. He ran because he believed the war required continuity of leadership and because no one around him was willing to tell him he shouldn't. His inaugural address was the shortest in modern history, just 559 words. He spoke of the lessons learned from the Depression and the war, and of the need for international cooperation. The line "We have learned that we cannot live alone, at peace" summarized both the failure of interwar isolationism and his vision for the United Nations, which was then being planned. Just 82 days after this quiet inauguration, on April 12, 1945, he collapsed at his cottage in Warm Springs, Georgia while sitting for a portrait. He died of a massive cerebral hemorrhage. He was 63. Harry Truman, who had been vice president for less than three months and had not been briefed on the Manhattan Project, the Yalta agreements, or the state of military operations, learned about the atomic bomb on the day he was sworn in.